2021-2022學年廣東省廣州市天河區高二（下）期末英語試卷
發布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共3小題；每小題9分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
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1．Orbital structures are becoming increasingly important for worldwide communications and a new generation of technologies.But scientists are warning that the danger of space debris（碎片）is rapidly increasing.Space debris can include pieces of old rockets，non-operational satellites，lost tools and other items.They are threatening spaceships，satellites and space stations.
In an effort to reduce the amount of debris orbiting the Earth，a group of economists at the University of Colorado at Boulder proposed a yearly fee，or tax，on satellite operators for their use of an orbital path.The group's study on the subject appeared recently in the publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Matthew Smith helped write the study.He said in a statement： "Space is a common resource，but companies aren't responsible for the cost their satellites impose（迫使）on other operators when they decide whether or not to launch.So we need a policy that lets satellite operators directly cover the costs their launches impose on other operators."
Akhil Liotta was the lead writer of the study.He said most of the proposed solutions to the problem have been based on using technology to clear away the debris.But，Smith said，removing debris only means that operators will launch more satellites，and an international agreement calling for a yearly fee or tax would push companies to be more mindful about launching further objects into space.
Christopher Burgess，a professor of space law at Northumbria University in Britain，said that imposing a space tax could be tricky.He noted that such a cost could be seen as a restriction on the free use of space，and the effort to place a fee on the use of space could easily be slowed by the many details involved.
（1）According to the text，what concerns the scientists at present？
A．The high cost of cleaning up space.
B．The increasing risk of space debris.
C．The safety of communication systems.
D．The practical effects of new technologies.
（2）What did some economists suggest to solve the problem mentioned in the text？
A．Strengthening control over space stations.
B．Allowing companies to use space for free.
C．Charging satellite operators orbital use.
D．Using advanced devices to collect space debris.
（3）Why does Christopher Burgess think the economists' idea could be tricky？
A．It would lead to an argument.
B．It would eventually be rejected.
C．It is impossible to carry it out.
D．It is hard to put it into practice.組卷：5難度：0.4 -
2．As one of the most incredible living things on this planet，the Great Barrier Reef is struggling to stay alive.Tourism，pollution，and species that feed on coral have all contributed to the Great Barrier Reef's decline.However，the biggest thing threatening the reef is climate change，because the coral can only survive in water that's within a narrow temperature range.
When sea temperatures rise above that range，it causes the algae（海藻）that live within its tissues to break away，which leads to a process called coral bleaching（白化現象）.Coral bleaching is so disastrous to the life of the reef because the coral has a symbiotic relationship with the algae.The coral gets about 90 percent of its energy from the algae.Without it，the coral simply can't survive.Sadly，there have been several coral bleaching events in recent years.Scientists have been trying to come up with ways to save the reef before it's too late.
With the help of Peter Newman，director of the Marine Ecology Research Centre at Southern Cross University，Matthew Harrison，an engineering and robotics professor at the Queensland University of Technology in Australia managed to make a special quantity.
"The reduced number of corals means we've lost the ability for coral to provide enough larvae（幼體）to settle and restore these communities quickly.We need a more efficient larval delivery process onto the damaged reef areas，so the LavalBot concept developed from discussions with Matthew." Newman told NBC News. "The idea is to use an automated technique that allows us to target delivery of the larvae into damaged reef systems so that new coral communities can be generated，" Newman said about their joint effort.
In November of 2018，the team put their plan into action.The project is particularly promising because the larvae are considered heat resistant.But the root cause of global warming still needs to be addressed to save not only the reef systems around the world but all other delicate ecosystems.
（1）What relationship between the coral and the algae can be inferred from paragraph 2？
A．They rely on each other.
B．The coral feeds on the algae.
C．They provide energy for each other.
D．The algae can't survive without the coral.
（2）What can we learn from the passage？
A．LavalBot can help deliver the coral babies massively.
B．LavalBot is the only way to save the reef successfully.
C．New coral communities can be generated automatically.
D．Matthew Harrison managed to make LarvalBot independently.
（3）What is the author's attitude towards LavalBot？
A．Doubtful.
B．Objective.
C．Indifferent.
D．Positive.組卷：6引用：2難度：0.4 -
3．You must have been amused by videos of dogs waving tails happily at their owner's home-coming greetings，or pictures of cats looking so guilty after making the house a mess.A variety of domestic animals can distinguish between their owner's voice and the voices of others，and can even detect changes in tone.But whether wild animals can recognize individual humans is a bit unclear.
A new study led by Roberta Salmi is the first to show that wild gorillas，too，are able to recognize familiar human voices based on their relationship with the speaker.
Over the course of about six months，the researchers played the gorillas audio recordings of three groups：long-term keepers who knew and worked with the gorillas for at least four years and had positive relationships with them；people who the gorillas knew and had negative interactions with，including vets and the service workers；and people who were unfamiliar to the animals.All the participants said the same phrase， "Good morning.Hello，" which is how keepers typically greet the gorillas.
The gorillas had the least reactions to the voices of their keepers.However，when they heard the voices of people they didn't know or with whom they'd had negative experiences，the gorillas responded with signs of vigilance. They stopped eating their treats or whatever else they were doing and started looking toward the sound to judge whether the voices were a threat.
"It's something we do too，" said Salmi， "If it's not a threatening sound，I keep doing my own business.If I hear that there is someone in my house，I immediately stop what I'm doing to hear what's going on."
If wild gorillas are able to distinguish by voice and have different reactions to humans，according to whether they are hunters or researchers，it would be extremely helpful. "They know when something is wrong and can try to hide or escape danger，" Salmi said. "It would help me sleep better to know that researchers aren't making the gorillas become easier targets to hunters."
（1）Why does the author mention dogs and cats in paragraph 1？
A．To praise how clever dogs and cats can be.
B．To raise a question for the upcoming research.
C．To show the close bond between home animals and humans.
D．To imply the difference between domestic and wild animals.
（2）In the study，the gorillas don't react much to their keepers' greeting because.
A．they don't get along well
B．they feel bored with their keepers
C．they have got used to their voices
D．they are unfamiliar with their keepers
（3）What does the underlined word "vigilance" in paragraph 4 mean？
A．Anger.
B．Anxiety.
C．Caution.
D．Disappointment.
（4）What does the result of the study show？
A．Further research on gorillas are needed.
B．Gorillas can be taught to distinguish human voices.
C．Wild gorillas have the ability to protect themselves.
D．Researchers can stop hunters from doing harm to gorillas.組卷：7引用：2難度：0.5
第二節（共1小題；每小題15分，滿分15分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。
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4．Are you interested in attracting good luck and experiencing more success in your life？In this article，we'll show you how to use positive thinking to create your opportunities and attract good fortune.
Define luck for jye.aiself.Your desires serve as the roots of "luck".One person might feel most lucky in passing an exam while another person in scoring her first hole. （1）If you feel unlucky，maybe it is because you have not identified what you want to be doing.
Be bold.The "unlucky" are often experts in making themselves comfortable and safe，but achieve little. （2）It takes courage to accept failure as a short-lived misfortune.Instead of wasting time avoiding tough situations，they would come up with reasons to act.
See challenges as opportunities to succeed.You've just been offered an exciting but strikingly new responsibility at work？Take it with passion.You've been asked to speak in front of a huge crowd of people？Write a great speech. （3）
（4）Unlucky people owe luck to accident，applying it as a chance to make excuses.Lucky people，however，build it into more good fortune.The only difference between the lucky and the unlucky，as reported，was that the former kept an eye out for luck，and the unlucky—given the exact same advantage—missed it.
Work hard.Sow the seeds of luck with labor.If you're working twice as hard at work，your work will be twice as good，and you'll tend to feel twice as lucky for having it done. （5）For example，don't worry about everything you've got to do for the rest of the week on Monday and just think about this moment.
A.Take advantage of good fortune.
B.Don't make excuses to deal with bad luck.
C.Feeling lucky is to recognize your deep desires.
D.They are not brave enough to concentrate on regular actions.
E.Treat terrifying moments as chances，not as hopeless difficulties.
F.Try to focus on doing one thing at a time and doing it extremely well.
G.But people who feel lucky put themselves in situations where they may fail.組卷：8難度：0.5
第二部分 英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節 完形填空（共1小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A，B，C，D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
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5．A few weeks ago，I called an Uber to take me to the Boston airport for a flight home for the holidays.As I slid into the back （1）
of the car，the warm intonations（語調）of the driver's accent washed over me in a （2）way.
Then I （3）that he was a recent West African immigrant with a few young children to （4）.As the daughter of two Ethiopian immigrants who made intense effort to （5）my success，I feel naturally close to him.I told him I was on a college （6）and headed home to visit my parents.That's how he found out I went to Harvard.His （7）eyes glinted at me in the rearview window，and quickly we crossed the boundaries（邊界）of rider and driver，I seemingly becoming his （8）.
And then came the fateful question： " （9）do you study？" I answered "history and literature" and the pride in his voice （10），as I knew it might.I didn't even get to add "and African-American studies" before he cut in，with a voice thick with （11）， "All that work to get into Harvard，and you study history？"
In his view，I knew，I was （12）the biggest opportunity of my life.He went on to deliver the age-old （13）that all immigrant kids know.We are supposed to become doctors or lawyers to make money and send money back home.Contained in his plain words，the unspoken lesson，taught across （14），is simple：Fulfill your role in the story of （15）mobility along the social ladder so your children can do the same.
I used to feel （16）and backed into a corner by the questioning， （17）now as a junior in college，I'm grateful for their support more than anything.This holiday season，I've promised myself I won't get annoyed at their （18）.And I won't defensively respond with "but I plan to go to law school!" When I get unrequested （19）.I'll just smile and nod，and enjoy the （20）of the occasion.（1） A．seat B．trunk C．corner D．part （2） A．unique B．familiar C．strange D．fresh （3） A．understood B．guessed C．recalled D．learned （4） A．care about B．worry about C．bring up D．rely on （5） A．ensure B．involve C．prove D．expect （6） A．project B．test C．break D．trip （7） A．approving B．puzzled C．determined D．doubtful （8） A．passenger B．daughter C．fan D．hero （9） A．Where B．How C．When D．What （10） A．rose B．faded C．appeared D．remained （11） A．disappointment B．excitement C．embarrassment D．amusement （12） A．taking B．creating C．wasting D．offering （13） A．promise B．conversation C．lecture D．order （14） A．countries B．peers C．communities D．generations （15） A．upward B．downward C．backward D．outward （16） A．curious B．anxious C．pessimistic D．surprised （17） A．and B．so C．or D．but （18） A．answers B．questions C．discussion D．support （19） A．news B．favor C．demand D．advice （20） A．silence B．relief C．warmth D．luck 組卷：10引用：2難度：0.6
第Ⅱ卷第二節（共1小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
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6．When Jane Austen wrote her novels in England，she was writing about a world most of us wouldn't recognize.But today Austen's books are in greater demand than ever.In the last 10 years，five of her six novels （1）
（make）into Hollywood films，while her books continue to be（2）（best-seller）.
Richard Jenkyns， （3）university professor of English at Oxtord，argues that her novels still appeal （4）people because they focus on issues that are as relevant today as they were when she wrote （5）.Her novels are about women （6）（try）to find a perfect husband，but also explore issues surrounding marriage，friendships and the family.The stories are fairly timeless about human interaction （7）we are all familiar with.
The （8）（famous）book Austen wrote is Pride and Prejudice，a love story about Elizabeth Bennett and Mr.Darcy.They gradually fall in love with each other， （9）still have to overcome the opposition from the family.
All of Austen's books， （10）（accept）widely all over the world，work on different levels so people can take what they need from them，making them popular with both children and adults.組卷：9引用：2難度：0.6
第三部分 基礎知識（共三節，滿分10分）第一節單詞拼寫（共10小題：每小題1分，滿分10分）根據中文提示用一個單詞填入下列句子，使句意完整。
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7．Let's work together to build up a
（和諧的）society.組卷：2引用：2難度：0.8
第三節補全句子（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據中文提示和所給的英文部分完成下列句子。
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22．我很感激我的英語老師，在他的幫助下我的英語一直在進步。（非限制性定語從句）
I am grateful to my English teacher，in my English.組卷：5引用：2難度：0.8
第四部分 書面表達（滿分30分）
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23．為加強挫折教育，學校將舉行主題為"Fight against Frustration"的英語演講比賽。請你寫一篇演講稿，從以下三個方面進行闡述：
1.存在的問題；
2.解決的辦法；
3.發出號召。
注意：
1.詞數120左右；
2.開頭和結尾已經給出，不計入總詞數。
Ladies and gentlemen!__________________________________
Thank you for your attention!組卷：7難度：0.6