2022-2023學(xué)年河南省南陽(yáng)一中高三（上）第三次段考英語(yǔ)試卷

第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，每小題 2分，滿(mǎn)分 40分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；每小題6分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)

• 1．Do flying cars only exist in dreams of a far-off future？Well，the future may be closer than you think.Let's take a look at some modes of transport that we could be using in the future.
     Flying taxi
     Slovakian engineering company AeroMobil has designed the world's first 4-seater flying taxi.AeroMobil's AM Next is a hybrid （混合物）-half supercar，half lightweight aircraft.It's able to transform between the two modes of transport in fewer than 3 minutes as its wings move into the appropriate posjye.aiions.It is expected to be released in 2027 and will be able to fly a distance of up to 500 miles （about 800 kilometers） between major cities.
     Gyroscopic transport
     Gyroscopic transport is a revolutionary new mode of transport that is being planned.It is the use of large pods supported by flexible legs that transport passengers over existing roads.These legs can adjust their length according to traffic demands and to allow passengers to board.One of the best elements of this mode of transport is that it can operate over existing infrastructure （基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）.
     Hyperloop
     Hyperloop has created a lot of excitement recently and received backing from many influential people in the tech world.Elon Musk，CEO of Space X，is one of the main advocates of the hyperloop.He has argued it could ease traffic in Los Angeles，US.The hyperloop is a high-speed public transportation system in which passengers travel in autonomous electric pods at about 965 kilometers per hour.Virgin Hyperloop，a US transport technology company，conducted its first human trials of a hyperloop system in November 2020.
  
  （1）What do we know about AeroMobil's AM Next？

  
  A．It will be the world's first flying car.
  B．It could be in use in just 2 years' time.
  C．It can fly a maximum of 800 miles each trip.
  D．It can switch between modes within 3 minutes.
  （2）What is an advantage of gyroscopic transport？

  
  A．It can travel either above or below ground.
  B．It can travel independent of traffic flow on the roads.
  C．It's quicker and cheaper to build than other vehicles.
  D．It can hold more passengers than other forms of transport.
  （3）What is Elon Musk's attitude toward the hyperloop？

  
  A．Doubtful.
  B．Worried.
  C．Critical.
  D．Positive.
  組卷：4引用：4難度：0.6

  解析

• 2．Timothy is a 5-year-old boy with autism（自閉癥）.In October of 2018，doctors told his parents that he suffered brain tumor（腫瘤）.
     Two thieves who specialized in stealing packages from people's front gates had no idea that one of those packages contained a WWE wrestling belt belonging to Timothy.At the time，the belt was on the front gate of Sergio Moriers's house，whose job was decorating stuff. "Timothy's father doesn't make a lot of money.But he wanted to give his son an amazing gift，and I told him I would do everything for free.I said， 'Just ship it over and I'll do everything you want on the belt，and he'll have the belt of a lifetime.'" He said.
     When the belt was taken，Sergio was extremely disturbed， "I want them to know they took hope from a 5-year-old boy who is looking forward to that item coming back to him…You stole that from him.You broke a child's heart." Timothy's father shared what that belt meant to his son， "Timothy would not go anywhere without that belt…Most kids have balls，while he had a belt." All hope was lost.
     Then something unexpected happened. "I saw two women appeared at the gate.They put down the bag there.My guard went over and I realized what was happening.That bag contained the stolen wrestling belt，" Sergio said.The two women apologized to Sergio.They said that they were thrown out of a friend's apartment after the friend saw the news report of the theft on TV.In fact，they were trying to kick a drug habit.They cried with guilt and shame.
     Seeing the returned belt，Timothy's father said， "It's one of those things you always hear about，those crazy stories about people，but you never think it'll happen to yourself.I'm still taken aback，to be honest."
  
  （1）What was Sergio's original intention？

  
  A．To buy the boy a wonderful gift.
  B．To beautify the boy's belt for free.
  C．To help the boy win a competition.
  D．To earn money from decorating the belt.
  （2）What can be known about the thieves？

  
  A．They were addicted to drug.
  B．They were caught by the police.
  C．Their friend reported them on TV.
  D．They were punished by the guard.
  （3）What did Timothy's father mean at the end of the story？

  
  A．He was annoyed about crazy stories.
  B．He felt he was cheated by the thieves.
  C．He was astonished at the returned belt.
  D．He couldn't believe his stuff was stolen.
  （4）What is the best title for the text？

  
  A．A Sick Boy Wins a Wrestling Belt.
  B．Caring People Show Love for a Kid.
  C．An Immoral Act of Theft Is Revealed.
  D．Thieves Return Wrestling Belt to the Sick Boy.
  組卷：0引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．A 2020 study in the journal Science concluded that marine heat waves have increased more than 20-fold as a result of climate warming.The authors found that in the first decade after satellites began recording ocean temperatures （i.e.，after 1981），there were 27 large marine heat waves，with an average duration of 32 days and an average peak temperature anomaly of 8.5°F；in the 2010s，there were 172，which lasted 48 days on average with an average peak temperature almost 10°F above normal.
     Much remains unclear about marine heat waves.For example，explains Nicholas Bond，research scientist at the University of Washington and Washington's state climatologist，there is the question of why so many persist for weeks or months. "There must be something else going on that helps maintain them，" he says.He notes that one explanation is that as the ocean surface warms，it radiates heat into the atmosphere that prevents cloud cover from forming，exposing the seawater to increased sunlight and further warming.
     However，enough is known about marine heat waves for scientists to be gravely concerned about their potential impacts.Of special note is the fact that those impacts can last long after the heat waves have disappeared.After three years of the Blob，the waters of the northeastern Pacific began to cool in 2016；but years later，scientists are still determining the extent to which the region's ecosystem is likely to return fully to its pre-Blob status.Similarly，notes Scannell，who is a data scientist with Jupiter Intelligence，Inc.，following the 2010-11 Western Australia event， "lots of kelp（巨藻） forests died，and it takes literally decades for those ecosystems to bounce back".
     Eric Oliver，a scientist from Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia，Canada，expressed his own opinion about the potential impact of the heat waves in tropical waters. "I think that's really a tough issue，" he says.Life in the tropics，he notes，is adapted to "quite a narrow range of temperatures.So that's where things can get really messy.We can have complete shifts in tropical systems."
  
  （1）What can we infer from the figures listed in para.1？

  
  A．The problem of marine heat waves is becoming worse.
  B．The satellites enable scientists to record ocean temperature precisely.
  C．Climate change is the main cause of the marine heat waves.
  D．Marine heat waves have been found by scientists for about 30 years.
  （2）What does the 2nd paragraph mainly talk about？

  
  A．Various factors that lead to marine heat waves.
  B．The possible impacts of a warm ocean surface.
  C．The possible reason why marine heat waves last long.
  D．Scientists' efforts in exploring the causes of heat waves.
  （3）What do we know about the impact of the marine heat waves？

  
  A．The impact will disappear shortly after the sea water cools.
  B．It takes long before the ecosystem makes a complete recovery.
  C．Scientists have known enough to restore the impact.
  D．The northeastern Pacific and Western Australia are the worst cases.
  （4）What is Eric Oliver's attitude towards the heat waves in tropic waters？

  
  A．Concerned.
  B．Indifferent.
  C．Doubtful.
  D．Optimistic.
  組卷：411引用：5難度：0.5

  解析

• 4．People's ability to remember fades with age — but one day，researchers might be able to use a simple，drug-free method to buck this trend.
     In a study published on 22 August in Nature Neuroscience，Robert Reinhart，a cognitive neuroscientist at Boston University in Massachusetts，and his colleagues demonstrate that zapping（刺激） the brains of adults aged over 65 with weak electrical currents repeatedly over several days led to memory improvements that persisted for up to a month.
     Using a non-invasive method of stimulating the brain known as transcranial alternating current stimulation （tACS），which delivers electrical currents through electrodes on the surface of the scalp，Reinhart's team conducted a series of experiments on 150 people aged between 65 and 88.Participants carried out a memory task in which they were asked to recall lists of 20 words that were read aloud by an experimenter.The participants underwent tACS for the entire duration of the task，which took 20 minutes.
     After four continuous days of this protocol，participants who received high-frequency stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（背外側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)） had an improved ability to remember words from the beginning of the lists，a task that depends on long-term memory.Low-frequency zaps to the inferior parietal lobe（頂下小葉） enhanced participants' recall of items later in the lists，which involves 'working' memory — the memory that allows the brain to store information temporarily.Participants' memory performance improved over the four days — and the gains persisted even a month later.Those who had the lowest levels of general cognitive function before the study experienced the largest memory improvements.
     "I was both impressed and surprised by this，by this paper，" says Simon Hanslmayr，a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of Glasgow，UK.He notes that along with other scientists，he has been sceptical about whether tACS can lead to meaningful changes in cognition.One issue has been that tACS devices generate electrical currents much weaker than those created by other methods of stimulating the brain，so it hasn't always been clear whether they can transmit enough electricity to the brain to modify its function.However，the authors of this study convincingly showed that their protocol was linked to "consistent and quite strong improvements in memory"，Hanslmayr says.
  
  （1）What does the underlined word "buck" mean in paragraph 1？

  
  A．Operate.
  B．Destroy.
  C．Follow.
  D．Resist.
  （2）What can we learn about the experiments？

  
  A．The experiments involved people aged over 65 and young students with good memory.
  B．Participants were required to recall lists of 20 words when they read the words aloud.
  C．Stimulating the inferior parietal lobe with low-frequency boosted the short-term memory.
  D．High-frequency stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improved 'working' memory.
  （3）Why has Simon Hanslmayr been sceptical about tACS？

  
  A．The electricity sent by tACS is not sufficient to guarantee meaningful changes in cognition.
  B．The people who have poor cognitive function experienced the least memory improvements.
  C．tACS devices generate electrical currents as weak as those created by other methods.
  D．tACS devices cannot ensure consistent and quite strong improvements in memory.
  （4）What is the text mainly about？

  
  A．tACS can lead to meaningful changes in cognition.
  B．tACS can help people with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
  C．Brain stimulation leads to long-lasting improvements in memory.
  D．Brain stimulation benefits those with poor cognitive function most.
  組卷：21引用：6難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)（共 5小題；每小題 2分，滿(mǎn)分 10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

• 5．Do you often go out for shopping？How to avoid germs （病菌） when shopping in the grocery store？ （1）

  .
     Firstly，go to the grocery store bright and early when they're just opening.This might be your best option.By avoiding large groups of people， （2）

  ，as the virus is mainly spread through close contact with other people.
     One of the easiest ways to spread the virus is by touching a contaminated （被污染的） surface and then touching your face，eyes，nose，or mouth. （3）

  .This is a lot harder than it sounds，because people touch their faces more than 20 times in a single hour.While a mask can help prevent you from touching your mouth and nose，it is strongly recommended to wear one.
     （4）

  .This may be as simple as avoiding a crowded aisle （過(guò)道） and circling back a few minutes later.Since other shoppers might not be as mindful as you are about maintaining social distance，be polite in your request that they keep their distance with a polite "excuse me."
     Just as you're being thoughtful about your own health，be thoughtful about the health of others，suggests Dr.Larkin. "（5）

  ，see if you can shop for them or teach them to use an online and delivery option，" she says. "Be patient and kind with one another，especially the workers keeping the stores open and functioning — and of course，if you are ill，please stay home and don't expose others."
  
  A．If you have an elderly neighbor who needs help
  B．You had better stay at home instead of going out
  C．Therefore，avoid touching your face while shopping
  D．As a result，you should wear a mask when you go shopping
  E．Moreover，try to maintain a safe，six-foot distance from other shoppers
  F．Before you head out to one，you need some guidelines to ensure your safety
  G．you decrease your risk of becoming infected
  組卷：1引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

完形填空 （共1小題；每小題20分，滿(mǎn)分20分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

• 6．In most parts of the world a "good night's sleep" means more or less eight hours without interruption.However，the（1）

  of an eighthour sleep is fairly recent.
  （2）

  ，history textbooks only tend to record memorable events.Sleep is so（3）

  that it isn?t mentioned.However，some historians（4）

  references to a "first sleep" and a "second sleep" in documents covering several centuries and countries.The first sleep started after sunset and lasted until around midnight.Then people would lie（5）

  for a while and chat or pray.Some neighbours（6）

  used to take the opportunity to visit each other between（7）

  .After a few hours，they would（8）

  their second sleep，until dawn.
     By the time electric lighting was introduced，the twosleep pattern had（9）

  ，for most people had lights and could stay up late if they wanted to.It's a（10）

  we lost the twosleep habit because being awake for a period at night is beneficial.It（11）

  the body's natural energy and sleep rhythms and is the perfect time to（12）

  the day and to take it easy.
     The twosleep habit used to be quite widespread，but it wasn't（13）

  .Sleep patterns vary between different cultures.Some cultures don?t have a（14）

  time for sleeping.People sleep for short periods throughout the day or night.
     Sleep patterns also vary according to（15）

  .While older adults and preteens are（16）

  happy with early mornings，teenagers have a（17）

  of staying up late at night and getting up later.
     In many modern families，parents are always（18）

  that teenagers won't get up in the mornings.Really，it shouldn't（19）

  .Getting up late isn't lazy.Maybe we should（20）

  what our body clock is telling us and sleep when our body says it's tired.
  
  

  （1）	A．character	B．end	C．result	D．concept
  （2）	A．Naturally	B．Finally	C．Hopefully	D．Casually
  （3）	A．practical	B．common	C．important	D．complex
  （4）	A．dropped	B．preferred	C．understood	D．noticed
  （5）	A．a(chǎn)sleep	B．a(chǎn)lone	C．a(chǎn)wake	D．a(chǎn)ngry
  （6）	A．even	B．seldom	C．still	D．only
  （7）	A．floors	B．days	C．matches	D．sleeps
  （8）	A．limit	B．have	C．check	D．lose
  （9）	A．developed	B．returned	C．disappeared	D．existed
  （10）	A．pity	B．blessing	C．puzzle	D．relief
  （11）	A．evaluates	B．follows	C．predicts	D．proves
  （12）	A．mix with	B．belong to	C．think about	D．wait for
  （13）	A．universal	B．interesting	C．healthy	D．regular
  （14）	A．distinctive	B．flexible	C．normal	D．fixed
  （15）	A．race	B．a(chǎn)ge	C．space	D．season
  （16）	A．suddenly	B．hardly	C．generally	D．gradually
  （17）	A．fear	B．habit	C．chance	D．measure
  （18）	A．complaining	B．persuading	C．hearing	D．suspecting
  （19）	A．work	B．occur	C．last	D．matter
  （20）	A．guess	B．report	C．consider	D．risk
  組卷：2引用：2難度：0.3

  解析

第四部分 寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分 35分）第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)（共 10小題；每小題 1分，滿(mǎn)分 10分）

• 18．假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
  增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。
  刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
  修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。
  注意：
  （1）每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
  （2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。
      I had a heat discussion yesterday with my friend who was having an extreme difficult time.I tried to encourage him by pointing out some of his achievement，reminding him of the situations that he had made a difference to so many others.
      Then I received a "Thank you" message.It was mentioned "How come they are always so positive about everything？" The answer is easier：I am not positive!But helping others to see the good in themselves make me focus on the positive aspects.It helps me out of my own dark hours，too.
      Accept ourselves for what we are can help us to be friendlier with ourselves as well others whom we communicate with every day.
  組卷：1引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié) 書(shū)面表達(dá)（25分）

• 19．4．請(qǐng)你根據(jù)對(duì)下面這幅漫畫(huà)的理解，以"Come back to reality"為題，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇作文。你的作文應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：
  （1）簡(jiǎn)要描述漫畫(huà)的內(nèi)容；
  （2）概述你對(duì)這幅圖的理解；
  （3）舉例說(shuō)明你會(huì)怎樣做。
  組卷：1引用：2難度：0.5

  解析