2022-2023學年甘肅省白銀市靖遠四中高三（上）第一次月考英語試卷
發布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節 （共4小題；每小題6分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
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1．When it comes to Albert Einstein（1879-1955），it's easy to imagine an old，crazy-haired genius.But before he ever came up with the theory of relativity，Einstein was a 23-year-old patent clerk，working for the minimum wage.Young Einstein decided to earn some extra cash tutoring physics.He put up an ad，and Maurice Solovine，a student of philosophy，responded.The two did not do much traditional studying，but instead chatted about philosophy.Conrad Habicht，a mathematician and a friend of Einstein，joined their debates.They jokingly called themselves the Olympia Academy.
We've gathered together some books the members of the Olympia Academy read and dis-cussed.Maybe the literature that inspired Einstein can inspire you to be clever，too.
A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume
David Hume，a 18th-century Scottish philosopher，was always suspicious.He believed"everything we know is really just a matter of probability".He argued"reason doesn't moti-vate people"，which led to all sorts of questions，such as"So what's motivating you to write this？"
"The chief benefit，which results from philosophy，arises in an indirect manner，and more from its secret，insensible influence，than from its immediate application，"Hume wrote.
Analysis of Sensations by Ernst Mach
An Austrian philosopher Ernst Mach wrote about how mysterious senses are.In an at-tempt to figure out how humans experience balance，Mach cleverly built a turning chair，which used shades of gray bands to show that the colors people saw were deeply affected by the colors around them.
Science and Hypothesis by Henri Poincare
Henri Poincare，a 19th-century French philosopher，was also a theoretical physicist，an engineer and a mjye.aihemjye.aiician.At college，he was fantastic at math.He created his special theory and wrote Science and Hypothesis.Some of his thoughts actually sowed the seeds for Einstein's theory of relativity，such as the idea that time is relative.
（1）What did the members of the Olympia Academy have in common？
A．They lived on high wages.
B．They loved reading and studying.
C．They tended to laugh at each other.
D．They were 18th-century mathematicians.
（2）Which of the following does David Hume agree with？
A．People should see everything with doubt.
B．Every human sense is extremely mysterious.
C．Reason motivates people to a large extent.
D．The chief benefit of philosophy arises directly.
（3）Who probably inspired Einstein's theory of relativity？
A．Conrad Habicht.
B．David Hume.
C．Ernst Mach.
D．Henri Poincare.組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．Not only was Gene Stratton-Porter one of Indiana's most well-known authors，but she was also an environmentalist，photographer，and artist.Gene shared her passion for the environment and wildlife in her writing and used her influence to fight for the preservation of nature and alert others to the importance of their natural surroundings.
Born in 1863 in Indiana，she grew up with a love of nature and spent most of her innocent childhood wandering through farms and forests，catching butterflies and observing birds like doves and small animals like geese.In 1886，Gene married Charles Porter.Although she ex-pressed happiness with her family life，Gene lived a more independent life traditionally unavailable to women in the late nineteenth century.Gene insisted on writing and photographing wildlife around her cabin near Limberlost Swamp.There she expressed her passionate feelings towards nature and its preservation.She spent much time in Limberlost，and later the cabin became the site where she conducted field studies on Indiana's natural environment.
Early in her life，Gene studied nature in the Limberlost Swamp and recorded her thor-ough observations through photographs and detailed writings.Gene published dozens of books—novels，nature studies，poetry collections and children's books.Her books mainly connect readers to natural settings and earn her a high reputation.One of her best-known novels A Girl of the Limberlost is about a lonely girl who lives on a farm and escapes from her sufferings in Limberlost.
Gene's legacy（遺留物）is visible not only within her books，photography and films but also within the Limberlost Swamp，which eventually faded away to the farmland.Fortunate-ly，through her hard work and dedication，the land is slowly being restored to its initially natural state，with over 400 acres preserved for nature study today.
（1）Which of the following can best describe Gene？
A．Considerate.
B．Mysterious.
C．Productive.
D．Generous.
（2）What can we learn about Gene in the 1880s？
A．She moved to Limberlost to enjoy independence.
B．She was absorbed in her happy family life totally.
C．She conveyed her passion for natural conservation.
D．She spent an unforgettable childhood on the farm.
（3）What made Gene obtain a wide recognition？
A．Teaching herself to learn photography.
B．Getting her readers more access to nature.
C．Taking various pictures of surroundings.
D．Publishing many books of different types.
（4）What is Limberlost Swamp like now？
A．It centers on preserving the wildlife.
B．It is turning into its original condition.
C．It offers cabins for scientific research.
D．It has transferred to farmland forever.組卷：0引用：1難度：0.3 -
3．Apples have always played a significant yet diverse role in history.Today apples continue to astonish in medicine，with headlines reporting that an apple a day really does have health benefits.In 2013，researchers in Oxford suggested that either an apple a day or a statin（a kind of drug）seemed to be equally successful in preventing heart attacks and strokes in people over the age of 50.
EPIC study，one of the biggest studies of its kind，involves half a million people and looks at the effects of eating fruit and vegetables on disease.Participants consuming at least eight portions a day had an astonishing 22%lower risk of heart disease，and risks of some cancers were slightly reduced.However，other cancers were unaffected，and there was no real effect on diabetes.
How might the humble apple be declaring war on heart disease and cancer，two of our biggest killers？The answer might lie in polyphenols（多酚）in apples，which are useful for protecting the fruit from disease and also giving it color and flavor.They have the potential to protect our body by reducing blood stickiness and cholesterol（膽固醇）levels.
Several studies also show a reduction in blood pressure when more fruit and vegetables are eaten.Furthermore，apples contain a fibre called pectin（果膠）which sticks to cholesterol in the body，slowing their absorption.What is clear is that the apple is a complex mix of com-ponents，working together for the good of our health.
But can we eat enough apples a day to keep the doctor away？Eating too many apples may not be a good idea，especially with a risk of lasting exposure to low levels of pesticide.Some people are even allergic to apples，and they can wear away outer layer of tooth.The Depart-ment of Health's advice to consume"5-a-day"（including both fruit and vegetables）might be a realistic starting point.
（1）Which of the following do the researchers agree with？
A．Apples and medicine have a similar effect in some cases.
B．Eating fruit and vegetables can reduce diabetes greatly.
C．Those eating apples have a lower risk of all cancers.
D．An apple a day can successfully cure heart diseases.
（2）Why are polyphenols and pectin mentioned in the text？
A．To make a comparison.
B．To give advice on health.
C．To clarify how apples work.
D．To tell what apples contain.
（3）What does the underlined word"5-a-day"in the last paragraph refer to？
A．An apple and five vegetables per day.
B．Five apples in different times every day.
C．Two apples and three vegetables every day.
D．Five portions of fruit and vegetables per day.
（4）Where is the text probably taken from？
A．A health magazine.
B．A biology textbook.
C．A travel brochure.
D．A nursing report.組卷：2引用：1難度：0.3
第三部分 寫作（共兩節，滿分10分）第一節短文改錯（共1小題；每小題10分，滿分10分）
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8．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：（1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
（2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。
I'm sorry that your application isn't accessible in our music's club.The reasons why you are refuse are as follows.First and foremost，we attach great importance to professional skills.Despite your enthusiasm，the lack relevant professional knowledges is a disadvantage.Additional，your schedule is limited.To enhance our ability to cooperate，we had a regular practice session on the afternoon of every Sunday.As you have admitted，you are occupied with many homework at that time，that is really regretful.What's more，it is your language ability that don't live up to our expectations.These are my explanations and advice.Don't lose your heart.I am looking forward to your progress.組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
第二節 書面表達（滿分25分）
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9．假定你是校英文報Culture欄目的編輯李華，請你給交換生George寫封郵件邀請他給該欄目投稿，內容包括：
（1）欄目介紹；
（2）寫作要求和交稿時間。
注意：
（1）詞數100左右；
（2）開頭和結尾已為你寫好。組卷：0引用：1難度：0.4