2020-2021學年上海市徐匯區南洋模范中學高二（下）期末英語試卷

II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．Does City Living Hurt Mental Health？
  People often move to cities （1）

  better jobs and more cultural activities.But are they putting （2）

  at risk？Maybe.
      Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that "natural environments or green spaces" do much good for our mental health and （3）

  （experience） nature helps people recover from the mental tiredness that comes from day-to-day work.On the other hand， （4）

  they cannot say exactly why，mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health.
      Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College，London. "There have been studies （5）

  people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment，and their symptoms would improve.And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk."
      Kings College researchers，along with city planners and land and building designers hoped （6）

  （learn） more about city living and mental illness.So，they created a smartphone app called Urban Mind.They say they wanted to understand （7）

  different parts of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing.
      The Urban Mind app （8）

  （measure） your experience of city living in the moment.Researchers collected real time information from 108 people，who answered just over 3，000 questions during a one-week period.
      The researchers found that being outdoors，seeing trees，hearing birdsong.jye.ai the sky，and feeling in contact with nature （9）

  （associate） with higher levels of mental well-being.They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especially strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems.
      The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes "the results will inform future urban planning and social policy （10）

  （intend） to improve design and health."
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A delivered B management C overlooked D.products E.rural F.shifted G.strategies H.sufficient I.tremendous J.urbanisation K.jye.ai

  National governments neglecting development needs of cities
  
  National governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with non-existent or inadequate development policies，a new report has found.National governments are key to making cities more sustainable，because cities are limited distinctly in the policy measures they can take for themselves，the report points out.However，only a quarter of the world's governments have urban development policies at all，and most of those that do exist are far from （1）

  to make cities sustainable.
     The report looks at the key measures of energy production，transport，waste （2）

  and infrastructure（基礎建設），For instance，putting in adequate public transport can transform the lives of citizens and the carbon footprint of the cities they live in.Encouraging the use of electric vehicles above petrol-driven cars can also have a（n） （3）

  effect，not just on greenhouse gas emissions but also on removing some of the key causes of air pollution.
     The report，from the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Coalition for Urban Transitions and funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies，suggests national governments have （4）

  the needs of their major cities even when they have in place national policies on issues such as climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.Derik Broekhoff of the Stockholm Environment Institute，the lead author of the study，said"Now is the time for national governments to put cities at the heart of their national development（5）

  .Countries must consider what policies need to be （6）

  in order to ensure their countries and cities are prepared for the unprecedented （7）

  and climate challenges the world is facing."
     Cities around the world are facing rapid population growth，and are likely to be among the areas （8）

  hit by dramatic climate change，in part because many are at risk of rising sea levels，floods and droughts.For most of human history，the （9）

  population was greater than those of cities，and it is only in just over the last decade that this balance has （10）

  with most of the world's populations now living in urban centres，a trend that is expected to speed up even further.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．Online deception is now so commonplace that criminal gangs are using it as part of a wider range of activities to make money out of the public."There's been a rapid normalisation of online deception as people see how （1）

  it can be.You see the industry adjusting to fight against that，"says Downey，security lead at payment company Braintree.
     This was made（2）

  in May this year when there was an unparalleled attack on thousands of computer systems around the world，after a worm，named Wanna Cry，attacked computers in more than 150 countries，with payments of ＄300-S600 to restore access.There were an estimated 45，000 attacks across the UK，Russia，Ukraine，India，China，Italy，Egypt and beyond，with major companies （3）

  .
     One of the reasons these attacks spread so （4）

  is that businesses and consumers don't update their software on a regular basis.Downey （5）

  it to a situation in which a car is left in a garage and a thief tries all of the-doors to see if one has been left unlocked："People don't realize they are leaving that proverbial car unlocked because they don't understand the nature of these （6）

  attacks."
     At the heart of the problem is the （7）

  of organized crime."Criminals can also be an expert at business.They don't want just one trick to bring in all of their income；it may be （8）

  ，they may have a slow month and then they'll have a cashflow problem，says Downey.
     Hacks and the threat of information theft have led to a（n） （9）

  of e-commerce among some of the population，says Downey.To fight that unease，simple measures need to be adopted by retailers（零售商） in order to maintain the public''s trust.（10）

  ，this can be achieved by ensuring they create a trustworthy environment for consumers，such as by serving websites through SSL，which establishes a secure connection between the （11）

  and business.
     But for both businesses and consumers，one simple thing remains （12）

  those who can keep both their security up to date and their passwords secure will be ahead of the crowd，says Downey."You will then be far ahead of the curve of the average business or consumer.
     So don't use variations of one password on lots of（13）

  .If criminals hack a database with your log-in permit，they will then be able to （14）

  your passwords on other accounts.Make sure your passwords have lots of characters and include numbers，symbols and capital letters. （15）

  obvious dictionary words，and importantly make each of your passwords completely different.
  

  （1）	A．boring	B．profitable	C．dangerous	D．surprising
  （2）	A．evident	B．mysterious	C．peculiar	D．infectious
  （3）	A．updated	B．transformed	C．established	D．infected
  （4）	A．moderately	B．easily	C．cautiously	D．gradually
  （5）	A．compares	B．applies	C．devotes	D．limits
  （6）	A．personal	B．targeted	C．random	D．similar
  （7）	A．variety	B．timing	C．punishment	D．detection
  （8）	A．thrown away	B．taken in	C．shut down	D．carried out
  （9）	A．exhaustion	B．result	C．disappearance	D．mistrust
  （10）	A．For example	B．By comparison	C．What's more	D．In summary
  （11）	A．hacker	B．customer	C．retailer	D．website
  （12）	A．unchanged	B．varying	C．unpredictable	D．avoidable
  （13）	A．curves	B．characters	C．dictionaries	D．accounts
  （14）	A．record	B．suspend	C．crack	D．ruin
  （15）	A．Investigate	B．Consult	C．Avoid	D．Guarantee
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.3

  解析

SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

• 4．Last summer，a video from Cardiff showed opera coach Mary King wet-eyed during the finals of BBC Cardiff Singer of the World.Who had moved her to tears？Mongolian baritone （男中音）Ariunbaatar Ganbaatar，towering，broad-shouldered，with a huge smile and a mighty voice，the 29-year-old sang Rossini，Verdi and Tchaikovsky and charmed everyone，including the judges，who declared him joint winner of the Song prize. "There was something so imposing about the sound，"King said."Contained and glorious.It's very unusual to find this combination of presence，power and effortlessness."
     Ariunbaatar doesn't have a typical background for a contestant in one of the world's most celebrated opera contests.He grew up in the traditional Mongolian way，living in circular tents with his nomadic（游牧的）family.As a child，he rode some 60 miles a day，and he was always singing.He won a place at university in Ulaanbaatar but dropped out after two years when he couldn't pay the fees，became a taxi driver and one night got chatting to a customer who happened to be the chief of police.Long story short：he joined Ulaanbaatar's police orchestra，worked his way back to university，then onwards to the grand opera houses of Russia and Europe.
     That backstory aroused my curiosity--so much so that three months later I was on a flight to Ulaanbaatar with a radio producer and suitcase of audio equipment.I had the same basic knowledge many westerners share about Mongolia：Genghis Khan，Gobi desert，furry camels，wild horses，wonderful throat singers.My guidebook described a proud nation."It is rude to turn down an offer of horse's milk，"I read，"for it is considered a gesture of friendship."
     International wins have made Ariunbaatar famous at home.Politicians hope his career will secure Mongolia's position on the opera map-portraying it as a modern nation.He says he has no intention to leave Mongolia.His family still travel on the plain，still ride on horseback，still pack up their tents to follow new grasslands."Being with them on the land is what gives me inspiration to sing."he says."Wherever I am，that is what I imagine when I sing.
  （1）Ariunbaatar won the Song prize mainly because of

  .
  A．his command of different songs
  B．his charming appearance
  C．his unusual background
  D．his impressive sound
  （2）What is most likely to be Ariunbaatar's turning point before he rose to fame？

  
  A．He was admitted to a university for the first time.
  B．He became a member of the police orchestra.
  C．He moved Mary King and got the big prize.
  D．He was raised in the traditional Mongolian way.
  （3）What can be learned from the last paragraph about Ariunbaatar？

  
  A．He cares little about fame.
  B．He hopes to become better known.
  C．He wants to give his family a better life.
  D．He draws inspiration from the horses.
  （4）What is the passage mainly about？

  
  A．How Ariunbaatar became a famous star.
  B．An introduction to an opera singer.
  C．Why the author travelled to Mongolian.
  D．A video about a celebrated opera contest.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

V.TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.

• 12．漢譯英 真正的友誼就像好的健康狀態，只有在失去它時，它的價值才會顯現。（it is only when）
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

VI.Guided Writing

• 13．Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
  假設你是明啟中學的學生王磊，你校計劃引進一個機器人擔任餐廳服務員或者圖書館管理員，并在英語貼吧征求學生意見，你很感興趣，決定回帖響應，你所寫的內容應包括：
  1.你認為機器人適合擔任的一個崗位，二選一。
  2.通過比較，闡述你選擇的理由，可以從工作效率、服務范圍等方面進行表述。
  組卷：2引用：1難度：0.2

  解析