人教版（2019）必修2《Unit 3 The Internet》2020年同步練習卷（訓練卷二）

一、閱讀理解（每小題8分，共16分）

• 1．There is an old joke among pilots that says the ideal flight crew is a computer，a pilot and a dog.The computer's job is to fly the plane.The pilot is there to feed the dog.And the dog's job is to bite the pilot if he tries to touch the computer.
     Handing complex tasks to computers is not new.But recent progress in machine learning，a subfield of artificial intelligence （AI），has enabled computers to handle many problems which were previously beyond jye.aim.The result has been an AI boom，with computers moving into everything from medical diagnosis and insurance to self-driving cars.
     There is a problem，though.Machine learning works by giving computers the ability to train themselves，which adapts their programming to the task at hand.People struggle to understand exactly how those self-written programs do what they do.When algorithms（計算機程序）are doing small tasks，such as playing chess or recommending a film to watch，this "black box" problem can be safely ignored.When they are deciding who gets a loan，or how to drive a car through a crowded city，it is potentially harmful.And when things go wrong，then customers，regulators and the courts will want to know why.
     For some people this is a reason to hold back AL France's digital-economy minister，Mounir Mahjoubi，has said that the government should not use any algorithm whose decisions cannot be explained.But that is an overreaction.The difficulties caused by clever computers are not unheard- of.Society already has plenty of experience dealing with problematic black boxes；the most common are called human beings，who can't even figure out what's going on in a brajye.ai.In response to the weakness in humans，society has evolved a series of workable coping mechanisms，called laws，rules and regulations.Many of these can be applied to machines as well.
     Humans have worked with computers on complex tasks for decades.One lesson from such applications is that，wherever possible，people should supervise（監督）the machjye.aies.In that joke，pilots are vital in case something happens that is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence.As computers spread，companies and governments should ensure the first line of defence is a real person who can overrule the algorithms if necessary.
  
  （1）Why is the joke mentioned in Paragraph 1？

  
  A．To make people laugh.
  B．To foresee future aeroplane industry.
  C．To introduce the latest model of aeroplanes.
  D．To raise people's awareness of computers performing complex tasks.
  （2）What has caused the increasing application of computers in various fields？

  
  A．The shortage of labor force.
  B．The rise of artificial intelligence.
  C．The encouragement of government.
  D．The development of medical economy.
  （3）Why are some people opposed to AI？

  
  A．Black boxes always go wrong.
  B．Laws forbid machine learning.
  C．They don't understand how AI works.
  D．Computers are trying to replace human beings.
  組卷：9引用：1難度：0.6

  解析

• 2．    Why are some people more motivated （積極的） to handle difficult things？And is there a way to make doing difficult things easy？To answer this question，we need to look at this：dopamine （多巴胺）.Dopamine is often considered a pleasure molecule （分子）.But that's not quite what it does.Dopamine is what makes us desire things.And it's that desire that gives us the motivation to get up and do things.
     In fact，your brain considers something more important than others mainly depending on how much dopamine it's expecting to get.If an activity releases too little dopamine，you won't have much motivation to do it.But if an activity releases a lot of dopamine，you'll be motivated to repeat it，over and over.So which behavior releases dopamine？Any activity where you expect there's a possible reward releases it.
     And in today's digital society，we are flooding our brains with unnaturally high amounts of dopamine on a daily basis，even if we don't know it.Some examples of high dopamine behavior include：visiting social media websites，playing video games，etc.
     And you might think， "Oh so what？It's not like it's harming me in any way." But you'd be wrong.Our bodies have a biological system called homeostasis （體內動態平衡）.Whenever an imbalance occurs，our body adapts to it.Basically your brain gets used to having high levels of dopamine and those levels become your new normal.Thus you develop a dopamine tolerance.This can be a huge problem because the things that don't give you as much dopamine don't interest you any longer.That's why people tend to prefer playing video games or surfing the Internet，compared to studying or working on their business.
     But it is possible to make doing difficult things feel easier.Separate yourself from the unnaturally high amounts of dopamine，or at least expose yourself to it far less frequently.Only then will normal，everyday，low dopamine activities become exciting again and you'll be able to do them for longer.That's why you might want to limit your phone and computer usage，along with other high dopamine-releasing behavior.
     We are all dopamine addicts （入迷的人） to a certain extent.And that's a good thing because dopamine motivates us to achieve our goals and improve ourselves.But it's up to you to decide where you're going to get your dopamine.Are you going to get it from things that don't benefit you？Or are you going to get it from working on your long-term goals？The choice is yours.
  
  （1）When is dopamine released？

  
  A.When difficult things come into being.
  B.When we take pleasure in the behavior.
  C.When possible rewards can be obtained.
  D.When we have the motivation to do things.
  （2）What can we learn from the passage？

  
  A.Dopamine does great harm to our body.
  B.It's hard for our body to keep the balance.
  C.Dopamine tolerance keeps us away from games.
  D.Video games produce more dopamine than study.
  （3）What is the purpose of the fifth paragraph？

  
  A.To explain why dopamine is harmful.
  B.To introduce the effects of dopamine.
  C.To offer solutions to dopamine tolerance.
  D.To stress the importance of dopamine.
  （4）What is the author's attitude toward dopamine？

  
  A.Objective.
  B.Doubtful.
  C.Concerned.
  D.Negative.
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

二、七選五（每小題10分，共10分）

• 3．No one likes to fail.Whether it's at work，at home，or in another area of your life，failure is painful and it can also be costly in terms of time，money，or both.（1）

  If you never suffer a failure，then you're probably not pushing yourself to your full potential.The following are some tips on how to pick yourself up after you've failed.
     Remember that other people fail too.（2）

  They'll tell you about that great new contract（合同） they signed，not the deal that failed eventually though they worked on it for months.But failure is normal，and lots of people fail time and time again before meeting with success.
     Remind yourself of your past successes.Failing doesn't mean that you're worthless，or that you'll never achieve the things you want.（3）

  Maybe you had high marks last term，or you lost weight，or you learned to play a musical instrument.You might want to write down a list of successes—things that you've accomplished over the past few years，whether big or small.If you ever lack confidence，you can go back and read over that list.
     （4）

  Your past successes are important，but so are your past failures.You've made mistakes before，and you've survived them.Perhaps you did badly in an exam，or lost your temper and had to apologize.It's not fun to think about the times when things went wrong，but by acknowledging your failures，you can remind yourself that today is no different.Just as you recovered in the past，you can recover from your recent failure too.
     （5）

  Whatever goes wrong，you're probably facing some sort of decision.Don't rush into making a hasty decision，but do look for a forward path.That might require some deep thinking.
  
  A．Make a decision.
  B．Limit the damage caused.
  C．Remind yourself of your past failures.
  D．However，failure is a normal part of life.
  E．Get some advice and support from others.
  F．Most people don't talk openly about their failures.
  G．Think of all the times in the past when you've succeeded.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

三、完形填空（每小題1.5分，共30分）

• 4．On a beautiful September evening，my 11-year-old grandson，Josh，and his team were warming up for their first football game of the season.
     At six，the（1）

  called the captains forward，said something and（2）

  his whistle.The two teams（3）

  separately.I was（4）

  .The other team were，（5）

  ，ten inches taller than our players.It didn't take long for their（6）

  advantage to show.They took a 7-0 lead very（7）

  .At the half，the score stood at 34 to 6.Josh（8）

  minimal play time.In the second half，they used Josh more often.The score climbed to 40 to 6.
     Once again，the other team began their（9）

  down the field.Their quarterback threw the ball.The receiver caught it and（10）

  the goal.There was only one man in his（11）

  -Josh.Josh dove and（12）

  that boy's legs with all his strength.The receiver dragged Josh a couple of yards and（13）

  fell down.
     On the next play，their quarterback shot an opening and rushed to the goal，but there was Josh again.Josh knocked him off his feet and（14）

  another goal.They scored on the last play，but it wasn't Josh's（15）

  .The game ended with a score of 48 to 6.
     On the way home，I wanted to comfort Josh，but he turned to me with a wide smile."Grandpa，that was a great game."
  
  

  （1）	A．player	B．referee	C．coach	D．receiver
  （2）	A．waved	B．raised	C．threw	D．blew
  （3）	A．gathered	B．practiced	C．celebrated	D．wandered
  （4）	A．inspired	B．embarrassed	C．shocked	D．delighted
  （5）	A．in total	B．on average	C．at length	D．for example
  （6）	A．speed	B．strength	C．age	D．size
  （7）	A．often	B．soon	C．regularly	D．rarely
  （8）	A．saw	B．lost	C．expected	D．wasted
  （9）	A．break	B．search	C．charge	D．debate
  （10）	A．let in	B．fought for	C．went in	D．headed for
  （11）	A．way	B．position	C．sight	D．mind
  （12）	A．made room for	B．looked up at	C．took hold of	D．kept away from
  （13）	A．accidentally	B．finally	C．deliberately	D．gradually
  （14）	A．saved	B．gained	C．tried	D．kicked
  （15）	A．turn	B．honor	C．fault	D．option
  組卷：39難度：0.3

  解析

四、語法填空（每小題20分，共20分）

• 5．Chinese Kung Fu is an important part of traditional Chinese culture．It is probably one of the（1）

  （early） and longest lasting sports in the world，（2）

  uses both strength and brain．Over its long history，Kung Fu（3）

  （develop） as a unique combination of exercise，self-protection and art．（4）

  dates back to ancient times when people used tools（5）

  （fight） against wild animals and gradually got experience in self protection．
      （6）

  （normal），an athlete in sports like track and field and ball sports retires in his or her 30s．Besides，injuries at a young age can affect our ability to keep（7）

  （do） exercise in later life．In Chinese Kung Fu，however，it is（8）

  different story．It（9）

  （say） that Kung Fu not only exercises your physical body but also trains your spirit and your mind．And we can continue later in life when our（10）

  （body） weaken．
  組卷：47引用：4難度：0.6

  解析

五、根據提示翻譯句子（每小題3分，共24分）

• 6．For this purpose each member had to

  （貢獻） a tenth of his income．
  組卷：4引用：2難度：0.8

  解析

• 7．My cat and dog never fight；they live together in perfect

  （和諧）. （根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）
  組卷：19引用：2難度：0.7

  解析

• 8．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and the military

  （防御，保衛）.
  組卷：16引用：3難度：0.9

  解析

• 9．今天早上，我的早餐是火上烤好的大餅、馴鹿肉干和一些生長在我帳篷附近的酸甜漿果。
  This morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire，dried reindeer meat，and some sweet and sour berries that I found

  .
  組卷：3引用：4難度：0.9

  解析

• 10．你最好不要到河邊去，太危險了。
  You

  to the bank of the river；it's too dangerous.
  組卷：1引用：2難度：0.6

  解析

• 11．盡管政府采取了許多刺激經濟的措施，但預計明年的失業率將上升 2%。（Despite；project）
  組卷：10難度：0.5

  解析

• 12．用完，耗盡（及物， 用完（不及物）
  組卷：5難度：0.9

  解析

• 13．把孩子放在一個自己能完全處理所有事情的環境中是有好處的．（where）
  

  ．
  組卷：4引用：2難度：0.9

  解析