2023-2024學(xué)年福建省福州四中高一（下）期末英語試卷
發(fā)布：2025/7/6 5:0:18
一、閱讀理解
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1．When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred to him．He wanted to construct a calculating machine to work out the solutions（解法）to maths problems not only with correctness but also with a speed beyond the power of any human mind．His machine could solve problems involving（涉及）long rows of figures in one continuous operation（運算）．
In 1822 Babbage exhibited his invention and won a prize from the government．After that，he immediately started to work on a larger machine designed to solve more difficult problems．Although he received some money left by his father，the money was not enough to support his design．He wrote to the government about his plan and was given ￡2500 to start with，a sum worth much more in those days than it is now．
Babbage continued his work in London for four years．Then his health broke down，and he had to take a long holiday abroad．When he returned to London in 1828，he was at the end of his resources．Many bills remained unpaid．His chief assistant and co-workers quarreled with him and left with many expensive tools．For one year no work was done．During this period，Babbage，whose mind was always active，suddenly thought of a completely new idea for the machine．He rushed to meet the government officials to explain his new idea．But this time，they were unwilling to help him．For eight years，they refused to say whether they wanted the machine or not，and their final answer was "No．"
From 1828 to 1839，Babbage held the position of professor at Cambridge very successfully．But his greatest work was the unfinished calculating machine which stood covered in dust in his house．It was the beginning of the modern computer．
（1）The machine Babbage designed would solve difficult maths problems．
A．in one operation with few mistakes
B．in more than one operation without any mistakes
C．in more than one operation with slight mistakes
D．in one operation without any mistakes
（2）Babbage failed to continue his research work in 1828 mainly because．
A．he was in poor health
B．he almost ran out of money
C．his co-workers argued with him
D．he spent all his money on his bills
（3）Babbage explained his new idea to the government officials，expecting that．
A．they would agree to his plan
B．they would pay for his new idea
C．they would support him with money
D．they would exhibit his new design
（4）From the passage，we can infer that．
A．Babbage failed to be a famous scientist at Cambridge
B．Babbage always had new ideas but gave them up easily
C．Babbage always needed support from the government officials
D．Babbage was the first designer of the modern computer組卷：553引用：3難度：0.6 -
2．An earthquake happens when two plates（板塊） rub （碰撞） together．The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds．If one plate is slowly forced underneath the other，pressure builds up until the plates break apart．This process causes the ground to move．It is an earthquake．In other words，earth-quakes are the shaking of the earth's surface caused by the earth's rocky outer layer as a result of the energy stored within the earth．The strain within the rocks is suddenly released （釋放）．
The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and the time it is happening．If an unpopulated region is struck，there will be low loss of life or property．If it hits a large city，there may be many injuries and much destruction．Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now．Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage．
Actually，there are several million small earthquakes every year．Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale，cause millions of dollars in damage．In the last 500 years，millions of people have been killed by earth-quakes around the world-including 240，000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China．
A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation that continues for years after the first tremor （小震）．In 1972，a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua，Nicaragua．Fifteen years later，the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit，because the country did not have the necessary money to rebuild it．
The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster．It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs．In the 1906 earthquake，it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage．An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys，causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path．
（1）Which of the following is the main idea of the first paragraph？
A．An earthquake comes from inside the earth．
B．The earth has great energy in storage．
C．How the earth plates move．
D．How an earthquake happens．
（2）How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destruction earthquakes cause？
A．Three．
B．Four．
C．Five．
D．Six．
（3）Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people？
A．The 1964 Alaskan quake．
B．The 1976 Tangshan earthquake．
C．The 1972 Managua earthquake．
D．The 1906 earthquake．
（4）The underlined word"ensuing"in the last paragraph probably means．
A．causing too much heat and great damage
B．causing many injuries and much destruction
C．happening as a result of another event
D．happening suddenly and unexpectedly
（5）By giving the example in Paragraph 4，the author wants to show that．
A．a(chǎn)n earthquake doesn't last long
B．the damage can last long
C．people in Managua suffered too much
D．Nicaragua is still a poor country．組卷：76引用：1難度：0.7 -
3．The olive（橄欖）tree probably first grew in southern Asia.And then it spread to Mediterranean（地中海的）countries about 6，000 years ago.Since then，it has been important in Mediterranean people's lives.
The olive tree grows in rocky places and it doesn't need much water.Its fruit can be made into olive oil.People have used olive oil to cook dishes for centuries.But they haven't only used it for cooking.Some ancient cultures believed that it was useful as medicjye.aie.In modern times，people still use olive oil both for its taste and its health advantages.
Olive oil has also been an important product in the business and culture of Mediterranean countries.In ancient Greece，for example，anyone who cut down an olive tree was heavily punished.Winners at the Olympic Games wore wreaths（花環(huán)）.They were made of olive branches（樹枝）.Sometimes winners were also given a prize of olive oil.People from ancient Greece built ships so that they could use olive oil for trade.But it was the Romans who grew the olive tree in the rest of southern Europe and northern Africa.
Today，the olive is still a very valuable product，and many different kinds of olive oil are sold in countries all over the world.
（1）Where did the olive tree probably first grow？
A．In Asia.
B．In Africa.
C．In Europe.
D．In America.
（2）What can we learn about olive oil？
A．People started to cook with it recently.
B．It is made from olive branches.
C．People used it to build ships in ancient Greece.
D．It can be good for health.
（3）In ancient Greece，people who cut down an olive tree.
A．wore wreaths
B．were heavily punished
C．got a prize of olive oil
D．were regarded as heroes
（4）The passage is mainly about.
A．the method of cooking
B．the trade of Greece
C．the history of the Olympic Games
D．the story of olive oil組卷：11引用：1難度：0.5 -
4．The Trans-Siberian Railway is a single train line that crosses nearly the complete length of Russia，from Moscow to Vladivostok.It covers a total of 5，772 miles，running from Europe to Asia.Unlike the longest flight in the world，which just began transporting passengers in 2018，the Trans-Siberian Railway started its business in 1916.
Anyone who has taken this long journey，or even just part of it，will tell you that it travels at a rather slow speed，passing through some amazing，remote areas of Russia.You don't have to make the full journey without stopping.Instead，you're recommended to get off where there are attractive views，since it stops in some pretty fantastic places.But you certainly can take the full journey non-stop.If you do，the trip will take about 144 hours-six full days!
You can book tickets with travel agencies.You can also make the booking online and tickets will be sent to your hotel or personal address.Children under 4 years old accompanied by adults can travel free，but cannot take up a seat.A child ticket needs to be bought if you want to get a seat for the child.
There are longer railway services in the transportation world，but only one of them is a passenger line as some longer routes transport goods，not travellers.This railway may not be the fastest or the most modern，but it's clearly still an important player in the transportation world!
（1）Why is the longest flight mentioned in the first paragraph？
A．To compare the two different ways of transport.
B．To state the Trans-Siberian Railway is out of date.
C．To explain how long the Trans-Siberian Railway covers.
D．To show the great history of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
（2）Which of the following statements about the Trans-Siberian Railway is TRUE？
A．A non-stop journey is suggested.
B．It takes six full days to finish a non-stop trip.
C．Children are always free of charge on this trip.
D．It is the longest railway in the transportation world.
（3）Where does this passage probably come from？
A．A history textbook.
B．A science fiction.
C．A business journal.
D．A travel magazine.組卷：4引用：1難度：0.5 -
5．Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym，known as a fed workout.Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies，called a fasted workout.（1）
Many experts say there's no easy answer because it depends on the person.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout，you need fuel.A fed workout will provide your body with power.Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights.（2）Muscle preservation is also an essential component of strengthening your body.
Nitrogen （氮） is critical for processing protein that builds healthy muscles.People tend to lose less nitrogen during a fed workout than a fasted one.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea.They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating.With a fasted workout，you may not get the usual indigestion.Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy，meaning you will burn more fat.（3）It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose （葡萄糖） levels，and you may feel dizzy.You may even be more likely to overeat.
（4）Not all foods are created equal.For example，if you choose a fed workout，you'll probably lose a lot of water during an intense training，so you should consider drinking some beforehand.With a fasted workout，it would help if you had some nutrition right after your session is complete.Drink some water.Then，have a light meal or nutritional snack.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice.Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings.（5）
A.A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts.
B.Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat.
C.Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.
D.To eat or not to eat，that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts' minds.
E.These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.
F.How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity.
G.However，a fasted workout might not work for you.組卷：6引用：1難度：0.5
二、聽力選擇題
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6．（1）What isn't the man's online activity？
A．Talking with his friends．
B．Shopping．
C．Playing games．
（2）How does the man feel about talking online？
A．Easier．
B．Cheaper．
C．Safer．
（3）What can we learn about the woman？
A．She doesn't chat online．
B．She has many cool friends．
C．She thinks online chatter harmless．組卷：1引用：1難度：0.9 -
7．（1）Where is the woman's new house？
A．By the beach．
B．In the city．
C．In the country．
（2）How does the man sound in the end？
A．Satisfied．
B．Unhappy．
C．Humorous．組卷：2引用：7難度：0.5 -
8．聽材料，回答問題。
（1）Where does the conversation take place？
A.In the hotel.
B.In the airport.
C.In the bus station.
（2）Which day can the man confirm the ticket？
A.On July 30.
B.On August 2.
C.On August3.組卷：0引用：2難度：0.0 -
9．（1）Why does Jolly need a special arm？
A.She broke her left arm in an accident.
B.She had only a right arm at birth.
C.She was born with only half a left arm.
（2）What can' t Jolly do with her special arm？
A.Swim.
B.Open her hand.
C.Pick things up.
（3）When did Jolly pass her ballet exam？
A.Last May.
B.Last June.
C.Last July.組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
10．What does the man mean？
A．He has no interest in wild life protection．
B．He is sorry to fail in the examination．
C．He doesn't want to join the group．組卷：3引用：6難度：0.9 -
11．Where did the woman get the hat？
A． From an online shop．
B． From a store downtown．
C． From the man's company．組卷：1引用：6難度：0.5 -
12．（1）Where are the speakers？
A．At a restaurant．
B．At a supermarket．
C．At the man's house．
（2）What does the woman suggest the man do？
A．Find a salad bowl．
B．Do some cleaning．
C．Take some bread．組卷：0引用：1難度：0.9 -
13．When did Alice begin to learn English？
A.Eight years ago.
B.Ten years ago.
C.Two years ago.組卷：0引用：1難度：0.0 -
14．What does the woman imply？
A． The man isn't telling the truth．
B． The man had no reason to be sick．
C． The man didn't need to attend the meeting．組卷：0引用：2難度：0.0 -
15．What happened to the man today？
A.He was hit by a taxi.
B.He took the wrong bus.
C.His computer was broken.組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
三、完形填空
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16．It was a bright May afternoon along the coast.Bauer and his 13-year-old daughter，Ava，were taking（1）
of it.They were driving with the windows down as they headed home on a narrow bridge.Suddenly，the calm was（2）by the squeal（摩擦聲） of tires.
Not far ahead of them，a truck was（3）from one lane（車道） to the other.It crashed into a concrete barrier，and（4）hanging over the railing（欄桿） of the bridge.Bauer stopped the car（5）to avoid it.
The truck driver's door opened.A man climbed out and（6）to the ground.Bauer ran up beside him.He pointed down，saying something in Spanish.In the water was a car seat，a girl，about two years old（7），floating on her back and screaming.
Matters quickly went from bad to frightening when the girl（8）onto her stomach.Bauer waited for the driver to do something，but he didn't.Maybe he was（9）.
Bauer jumped into the water without（10）.He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water.Standing，he laid her against his shoulder and knocked on her（11）with his hand.Come on ? come on ? Wake up!（12），her eyes were opened now，focused on him.He pulled her close，hugging her to protect her from the（13）.Minutes later，the girl was sent to（14）.The girl suffered a broken shoulder but was otherwise uninjured.
Ava Bauer was（15）by her father's actions that four months later she became a cadet （實習(xí)生） firefighter so that she，too，could save lives.（1） A．a(chǎn)dvantage B．hold C．possession D．charge （2） A．deserted B．ignored C．influenced D．ruined （3） A．sliding B．following C．parking D．a(chǎn)pproaching （4） A．hid B．waited C．rested D．a(chǎn)ppeared （5） A．in time B．by chance C．on purpose D．in vain （6） A．dropped B．hurried C．wandered D．returned （7） A．embarrassed B．terrified C．excited D．relaxed （8） A．rolled over B．stood up C．calmed down D．set off （9） A．discouraged B．puzzled C．shocked D．a(chǎn)shamed （10） A．permission B．difficulty C．doubt D．hesitation （11） A．back B．stomach C．head D．chest （12） A．Slowly B．Surprisingly C．Hopelessly D．Immediately （13） A．loneliness B．hunger C．cold D．tiredness （14） A．school B．hospital C．home D．hotel （15） A．relieved B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．surprised D．inspired 組卷：23引用：6難度：0.3
四、語法填空
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17．In Fujian province，over 3，000 Tulou scatter （散落） in the mountains，more than any other province in China.Some of them are circular，while others are rectangular （方形的）.They also vary（1）
size and height.
A Tulou usually has 3 to 5 floors，covering （2）area of around 5，000 square meters.A Tulou can accommodate hundreds of people，who live and work together， （3）（share） the public areas，as well as the public （4）（facility） such as the well and the stairs.So，a Tulou （5）（function） as a village unjye.ai.It brings unity to all the villagers，passing down the traditional culture.
The （6）（early） Tulou was built in the 13th century，when the Hakka people moved to Fujian during the war.（7）（settle） here permanently，the Hakka people built the Tulou based on the local geographical environment，for both living and defense purposes.Featuring mud walls （8）are over one meter thick，a specially-designed entrance，high windows and secret tunnels （地道），the Tulou can defend against enemies effectively.
In 2008，the Fujian Tulou were on the UNESCO's World Heritage List.Nowadays，the Tulou are no longer defensive buildings， （9）they still reflect the ideas of harmony and cooperation while living together.
When you get a chance，why not visit Fujian Tulou and take a look at these （10）（impress） earthen buildings？組卷：3引用：2難度：0.5
五、書面表達(dá)
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18．Joe and I had been looking forward to our retirement.However，when he suffered a heart attack last spring，he was forced to leave his job as a truck driver earlier than we had planned.As the medical bills increased，we realized I would have to continue working full-time while Joe stayed home and took over the housework.
This new arrangement was a disaster.One night，when I dragged myself to bed，I was horrified to discover Joe had turned our white sheets blue.He told me he had found out how to save on water，soap and electricity.He patted his blue trousers and announced proudly washing everything together was the secret.
When I awoke to the deafening rain the next morning，all I wanted was a hot home-cooked meal.However，what greeted me at the table was a microwave package.I knew my husband had his faults，but I thought he at least knew how to cook!I knew if I didn't leave the house soon I would lose my temper with him.As the heavy rain thundered down outside，Joe offered to drive me to work.
I ignored him as I struggled into my jacket and seized my bag with my teaching plans inside.
He insisted that he would take me and reached for his boots.I looked at the piles of newspapers and the dirty dishes still on the table."Don't you have enough to do？I can take care of myself."I stormed out，not even kissing him goodbye.Joe shouted after me not to take the shortcut（捷徑）.
Ten minutes later，I ignored Joe's warning and turned off the main route to take the shortcut.I thought it hadn't rained enough to flood the road，but as I rounded the corner，water rushed across my path.After a few feet，the car got stuck.I opened the door and water poured in.I hurriedly closed the door.I couldn't risk walking in this.Almost 20 minutes passed.The car began to shake.1 got the fright of my life when I heard three long honks（喇叭聲）.
注意：
（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Paragraph1：
Looking over my shoulder，I stared into the flashing lights of a familiar truck.___________
Paragraph2：
After getting to our warm home，Joe held my hand tight.___________組卷：6引用：4難度：0.5